Wednesday, 21 January 2015

What is BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION?


BASIS OF CLASSIFICATION:

Classification is based on relationship amongst organisms and such relationship is got through similarities in characteristics. These similarities suggest that all organisms are related to one another to some point in their evolutionary histories.
However, some organisms are more closely related than others. For example sparrows are more closely related to pigeons than to insects. It means that the former two have common evolutionary histories.
When biologists classify organisms into group and subgroups, the similarities are seen in external and internal structures and stages of development. Modern genetics provides another type of information to taxonomists. The similarities and different in the DNA of two studied organisms can be used for getting idea about similarities and differences in their structure s and functions.

TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY:

The groups into which organisms are classified are known as taxonomic categories or taxa.
The taxa from a ladder, called taxonomic hierarchy.

All the organisms are divided into five kingdoms. So kingdom is largest  taxon. Kingdom is further divided.

1. Phylum: A phylum is a group of related classes.
2. Class: A class is a group of related orders.
3. Order: An order is a group of related families.
4. Family: A family is a group of related genera.
5. Genus: A genus is group of related species.

6. Species: A species consist of similar organisms.









SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF TWO ORGANISMS:


Tax           Human           Pea

   Kingdom      Animalia         Plantae


  Phylum        Chordata         Magnoliophyta
 
  Class        Mammalia          Magnoliopsida

  Order        Primates          Fabales


  
Family        Hominidae         Fabaceae


Genus         Homo              Pisum

Species       H.sapiens         Sativum

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