Classification is
based on relationship amongst organisms and such relationship is got through similarities
in characteristics. These similarities suggest that all organisms are related
to one another to some point in their evolutionary histories.
However, some
organisms are more closely related than others. For example sparrows are more closely
related to pigeons than to insects. It means that the former two have common
evolutionary histories.
When biologists classify
organisms into group and subgroups, the similarities are seen in external and
internal structures and stages of development. Modern genetics provides another
type of information to taxonomists. The similarities and different in the DNA
of two studied organisms can be used for getting idea about similarities and
differences in their structure s and functions.
TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY:
The groups into
which organisms are classified are known as taxonomic categories or taxa.
The taxa from a
ladder, called taxonomic hierarchy.
All the organisms are
divided into five kingdoms. So kingdom is largest taxon. Kingdom is further divided.
1. Phylum: A phylum is a group of related classes.
2. Class: A class is a group of related orders.
3. Order: An order is a group of related families.
4. Family: A family is a group of related genera.
5. Genus: A genus is group of related species.
6. Species: A species consist of similar organisms.
SIMPLE CLASSIFICATION OF TWO
ORGANISMS:
Tax Human Pea
Kingdom
Animalia Plantae
Phylum
Chordata Magnoliophyta
Class
Mammalia Magnoliopsida
Order Primates Fabales
Family Hominidae Fabaceae
Genus Homo Pisum
Species H.sapiens Sativum
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