DEFORESTATION AND OVER-HUNTING:

Deforestation means cutting down of trees for the conversation of a forest to non-forest land .

The destruction of significant areas of forest has resulted in a degraded environment with reduced biodiversity.

Causes and effects of deforestation:

Cause of deforestation:  

                                    Sometime there is slow forest degradation and sometime sudden and catastrophic clear-cutting for urban development.

Deforestation can be result of deliberate  removal of forests for wood, agriculture or urban development.

Effect of deforestation:

                             Deforestation effects  the amount of water in soil and moisture in atmosphere.

Soil erosion:  When there are no trees to keep soil in place, there are more chances of soil erosion. Heavy rainfall washes soil into rivers.

Essential nutrients are washed out of soil.

Floods: Rivers become choked up with mud and silt, which can cause floods. The silted water gets stored in dams and it reduces their water storage capacity.

Decreasing rain: Deforestation also contributes to decreased transpiration, which lessens cloud formation. This ultimately reduces the sources of rains.

Forest support considerable biodiversity. The utilization of forest products , including timber and fuel wood, have played a key role in human societies.

Today developed countries continue to utilize timber for building houses and wood pulp for making paper. The forest products industry is a large part of the economy

In developing countries. Short-term economic gains made by conversion of forest to agriculture often leads to loss of long-term income.

Forests extract carbon dioxide and pollutanats from air , thus contributing to biosphere stability.  Forest are also valued  for their  aesthetic beauty and tourist attraction.

Over-Hunting:

Over-hunting has been a significant cause of the extinction of hundreds of species and the endangerment of many more such as whales, ibex, urial, markhor etc.

Commerical hunting both legal and illegal  is the principal of threat . Over-hunting cause loss of tigers. The tigers are less in amount because of illegal hunting of tigers.